Friday, April 28, 2006

Sublime Salads For Those Who Are Short
(On Time, Space, & Sunlight)

From Seed To Salad Bowl In Less than A Month


Arugula Is So Easy To Grow I Didn't Even Plant This

Really. This is what you get when you grow some arugula in the greenhouse, let it flower and go to seed, and then, months later, finally pull up the dried out stalks and plunk them down on an unused patch of bed on the other side of the greenhouse. Ignore them all winter, then toss the stalks into the compost bin because all of the seeds have dropped out of them. Realize where the seeds have landed, and wonder if a little water might just sprout something. Lo and behold--an arugula jungle! A little more about arugula below. But first, here are some photos to show you just how quickly you can grow yourself some salad. The photo above was taken on April 27th.


Close-Up Arugula Seedlings On April 2nd



View Of Arugula Bed on April 2nd



Close-Up Arugula Seedlings on April 9th



Arugula Bed on April 9th



Close-Up Arugula Seedlings on April 13th



Close-Up Arugula On April 25th

Several people have asked me recently for some tips on growing lettuce from seed. I answered them individually (and all are now happily watching their salad greens grow), but I thought an article on this subject might encourage others to start a little spring salad garden of their own. So I'm just going to basically repeat the advice I offered them here, with a few more tidbits tossed in.

First Stacey at Just Braise in New York sent me an email asking what kind of low-light edibles she could grow in containers. This was my response:

Lettuce! A mesclun type mix would be wonderful--that way you get several varieties of lettuce seeds in one packet. You can start harvesting after only a few weeks--just snip what you need and leave the plants to continue growing and putting on new leaves. This also prolongs your harvest. If you have sown the seeds very thickly (which is what I do because it virtually eliminates weeds), you can start thinning out your plot as soon as the plants are big enough to at least give you a leaf or two to nibble on. After several weeks, I am still at the thinning stage with my lettuce plot--I reach in, pluck out a few of the crowded plants from several different spots, and I swear by the next day the remaining plants have already filled in the empty spaces.

Baker Creek Heirloom Seeds, from whom I have been buying seeds for many years, sells several different "Chef's Choice Salad Blends," including a European Mesclun Salad ("a favorite with market growers"), a Red Wing Lettuce Mix ("contains a wide range of the best brilliant red and red splashed specialty types"), and even A Siamese Dragon Stir-Fry Mix ("All the best Asians greens for stir-frying and steaming. Also pick the greens in the 'baby stage' for a tangy salad mix.")


Close-Up Of Rocky Top Lettuce Mix On April 4th



Close-Up Of Rocky Top Lettuce Mix On April 25th

My favorite is the Rocky Top Lettuce Salad which is full of "brightly colored and unique lettuces, including some non-listed rare varieties." All packets contain 1,200+ seeds and are just $2.00 to $2.50 each. Click here to see photos of this lettuce bed from April 12th. And click here for my favorite way to enjoy freshly picked lettuce.

I also explained to her that arugula (also sometimes called rocket) is easy to grow from seed and ready to harvest in less than a month (as evidenced above). This peppery green adds a unique bite to all kinds of salads and is delicious tucked into sandwiches as well. I have such an amazing arugula crop this year, I'm going to think outside of the salad bowl and try making some arugula pesto by blending together arugula, fresh parsley (to tame it down a little), lots of fresh garlic chopped with salt (it brings out the flavor of the garlic), and some very nice extra-virgin olive oil. Tossed with some homemade pasta, then sprinkled with plenty of coarsely grated pecorino romano or parmesan cheese, and served with a garden salad, I think this would make a delightful spring supper. In fact, I may just make it tonight.



Volunteer Arugula Surrounding Swiss Chard In The Greenhouse On April 9th

You can start picking baby arugula leaves when they are still very small.


And That Same Arugula On April 25th

Just keep in mind that once the plants reach maturity, it doesn't take long for them to bolt and flower. But of course if you allow some of them to go to seed, your next crop will most likely sow itself.

To add another kind of zip to her salads, I suggested Stacey try growing some radishes. These are easy to start from seed and are, again, ready to eat in less than a month. There are dozens of interesting heirloom varieites available--from mild to pungent--in all shapes and sizes. If you're only going to pick one, I recommend going with Easter Egg. Baker Creek describes them as "a beautiful mix of colors that includes shades of purple, red, and white. Mild and delicious flavor, fun to grow, and perfect for mixed bunches of radishes." I grew them and found every word to be true.

Several years ago I read an article about Chez Panisse restaurant in Berkeley, California. To this day, the only part I clearly remember about it involved a radish. Apparently one diner was slightly shocked to discover that the first course of their $75 prix fixe dinner at this incredibly famous restaurant was a plain, fresh radish served on a small plate. Then they tried it and were astounded by the flavor. Sometimes it's funny what memories stick with us. And I bet that person will never forget their first real taste of a radish. (Interesting coincidence: I just looked up the Chez Panisse website so I could link to it here, and one of the categories listed on the homepage is The Delicious Revolution, about Alice's desire to bring edible education to schools. The logo? An illustration of a radish!)

So how is Stacey doing? Click here and here and here and here to follow The City Gardener's progress.

Vickie at The Moveable Feast in Virginia also wanted to know about growing lettuce in containers in areas that don't get much sunlight. Most vegetables (even tomatoes and peppers) require just 6 hours of direct sun a day. Lettuce and arugula can thrive in less than that, and they can even be grown in dappled sunlight or shade. The arugula in my greenhouse (along with the chard and beets) receives only filtered light, and, as you can see, it has flourished.

You can grow lettuce and arugula in virtually any kind of containers--5-gallon buckets, wooden wine or whiskey half-barrels, even large flower pots. However, you don't need two feet of soil depth to grow lettuce, so something shorter and larger would be ideal, such as the plastic commercial bus tubs used in restaurants to hold dirty dishes. I even have one that has large holes in the bottom and fits into another, slightly larger tub--built-in drainage. (Look for them at restaurant supply houses.) A plastic dishtub would work, too, or even a (new) plastic cat litter box.

All of these are a nice rectangular shape and should be plenty deep. And they are small enough that you can pick them up and move them around--either into or out of the sun. Remember: heat is the enemy of lettuce so you want to keep it cool. Even a few days in the upper 80s or 90sF can turn your whole crop into bitter greens. They will look fine but suddenly taste terrible. This is very, very depressing. Click here to read my previous post about shading lettuce and other plants.

On the other end of the thermometer, lettuce is quite cold hardy, and can even survive light frosts. I had some uncovered lettuce subjected to 24 degreesF a few weeks ago, and it thawed out just fine once the sun hit it.

My pal Amy, who recently moved into a new house with a large yard and went slightly crazy with the seed catalogs, wanted to know what types of lettuce she could grow in Pensacola, Florida. To win the battle against bitter lettuce, another thing you can do is choose varieties that are on the small side, such as Tom Thumb Butterhead (one of my favorites). Again, from the Baker Creek catalog: "An heirloom lettuce that dates to the 1850s. It makes small cabbage-like green heads, only 3"-4" across. Very tasty, a winner for classy markets!" Also seek out varieties that say "heat tolerant" and "slow to bolt." Baker Creek says that Mignonette Bronze (an 1898 heirloom I have grown and like) is "excellent for hot and tropical weather" and "a superb type for the hot parts of the country." Little Gem delivers two for one: this "very small, green, romaine-type [is] a superb heat tolerant variety that is sure to please!"

Baker Creek sells over two dozen varieties of lettuce in packets of 700 seeds for $1.25 to $1.50 each. Pinetree Garden Seeds (another of my favorite companies that offers much more than just super seeds) offers several kinds of lettuce (including a few of their own special mixes) in packets that contain 500 seeds for just 60 to 95 cents each. I discovered High Mowing Organic Seeds after I was already seed set this year, but I have heard good things about them from other gardeners. The same goes for Seeds From Italy.

Unless you live in the Southern U.S. or other warm climate, it shouldn't be too late to start a salad garden. To sow your seeds, simply scatter them onto your freshly prepared soil and lightly work them into the dirt with your fingers or a rake. You can also sprinkle them with a light layer of soil or compost--they don't need to be covered much at all. Water well, then just sit back and wait, daydreaming of the beautiful bounty you are bringing to life.

Recommended Reading: The Vegetable Gardener's Bible by Ed Smith. This has been my favorite gardening book for the past 7 years, and I highly recommend it for kitchen gardeners of all levels. Click here to read my review of it. And click here to see a few of the other gardening books on my shelf.

Related articles:
--Arugula Pesto Takes Over The Kitchen (includes recipes)
--How To Grow Beets From Seed (& Why You Should)
--How To Grow & Use Swiss Chard

Note: This is my entry for Weekend Herb Blogging #30, a deliciously informative event hosted by Kalyn's Kitchen. Food and garden bloggers from around the world are invited to participate, and you never know what interesting new edibles you'll discover each week in the Sunday night roundup.

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19 Comments:

Blogger steven said...

Isn't it amazing how arugula keeps on producing? If you can find the seed, get the wild variety of arugula, what the Italians call rucola selvetica the flavor is more intense and just as productive as the regular arugula rucola colitivata. Oh and by the way... I can NEVER get GrowItalian's website load, I guess I'll just have to keep going to that garden shop in Florence for my seeds :-P.

April 28, 2006 1:17 PM  
Blogger Laurie said...

Radishes and zinnias were my responsibility in the garden once I was big enough to walk.

April 28, 2006 1:40 PM  
Blogger Kalyn said...

What a wonderful post. I haven't grown lettuce much in the past, but this year I cleared out a patch and thought I would try to grow some early lettuce, filled in with chard for later in the summer. Arugula sounds yum.

April 28, 2006 6:53 PM  
Blogger JamiJo said...

Thanks for the timely post, my salad seed just showed up this morning and is being planted Monday. :) This novice gardener here needs all the help she can get!

April 28, 2006 11:09 PM  
Blogger stacey said...

I think I need to transfer to the larger container now! I'm having some casualties! (Which might also be my heavy water hand I've been letting up on lately)! Ouch. More on that soon....

April 29, 2006 12:04 AM  
Anonymous Vickie said...

I want to let your know how much I enjoy your blog. I have been reading Farmgirl Fare for quite some time but inmykitchengarden is my favorite now. We moved to the country 13 yrs ago and had a huge garden that got smaller each year until now when we just use pots and buckets.
We have tomatoes, peppers, lettuce and I just put green garlic around the peppers.
My son asked if we were going to have a garden this year and I said just our pot garden, which cracked my 2 grandsons up. The sheriff will probably be out soon!

April 29, 2006 12:20 AM  
Blogger farmgirl said...

Hi Steven,
Oh my. Arugula varieties. I can tell you're going to be a very bad influence (in a good/bad way of course).

Oh, and 'by the way' back at you--funny, I had NO problem at all opening various pages on the Grow Italian's website. Let me guess--the little gelato shop around the corner from you is always closed, too. And not an Italian shoe store in sight, I bet. : )

Hi Laurie,
So are you still the radish & zinnia girl, or have you delegated those duties?

Hi Kalyn,
Thanks. Your salad patch plans sound perfect. Definitely toss a few arugula seeds in there. I doubt you'll be disappointed. : )

Hi JamiJo,
Great timing! Help is here. And let us know how your salad garden grows, okay?

Hi Stacey,
Casualties? Casualties are not good. Yeah, and overwatering isn't either. But you are obviously learning! (And having almost too much fun, I can tell.)

Once your seedlings sprout a pair or two of "true leaves" (the ones that pop out first are, well, fake leaves--they have a name but it escapes me at the moment), you'll need to start putting the seedlings either into individual plugs/containers or transplant them straight into the large container you want them to grow in.

Hi Vickie,
Great to hear from you. Thanks for taking the time to write. So glad you're enjoying both of my blogs. I can totally relate to the shrinking garden thing--mine got much smaller when I moved to this farm six years ago (it was 1/4 acre), and although it's more manageable, I still keep expanding it. I'd love to have about 100 raised beds. But then there are days when what I have is more than enough! Too funny about your grandsons and the sheriff. : )

P.S. People are always asking my advice on container gardening (which I don't do much of), so please feel free to offer up any great do's and don'ts you've learned over the years. I know growing larger plants like tomatoes and peppers in pots can be especially tricky.

April 29, 2006 12:06 PM  
Blogger Amy said...

And despite your helpful suggestions, I have given up on my sad little lettuce plot. How did I screw up? A variety of ways: too much sun, too sparse plantings, and probably not enough compost/kelp, considering I have NO idea what the previous homeowners did to the soil.

I console myself with the idea that while you guys are all living on hardier greens and pickled veggies this winter, I'll be enjoying (what I hope is) a bumper crop of *spring* lettuce here in zone 8!!

April 30, 2006 9:50 AM  
Blogger karl said...

arugula has always been my favorite green. tabitha finds it a bit spicy. maybe i need the alkaline. we encouraged some to bolt and now have an incredible amount. sometime i sneak to the garden and tear a few clumps of leaves and eat them right there--in fact, the garden is one of my favorite places to eat.

August 05, 2006 6:11 PM  
Blogger Brin said...

I found your site last week, and have since been glued to the computer! You are charming, and your advice is such a godsend... thank you! Having just moved from the city into a neglected 1880s farmhouse, I'm finding the garden a bit intimidating! I just ordered Baker's seeds today, thanks to you, and look forward to my own crop of arugula in the future.
Thanks for the daily inspiration and cheer!
Brin
www.messythrillinglife.blogspot.com

January 10, 2007 10:10 AM  
Anonymous Nicole said...

Thanks for this how-to post! Since I live in an apartment, I am trying to do some container vegetable gardening. I'll definitely be trying some arugula with the help of this post!

January 22, 2007 8:26 AM  
Anonymous Anonymous said...

Does this arugula variety have pointy outshoots from the surface of the leaves? They look like tiny harmless clear splinters. I grew this exact variety but am hesitant to eat it because I'm not sure if those "splinters" are normal. By the way, this website is wonderful!

February 12, 2007 5:40 PM  
Blogger farmgirl said...

Hi Anonymous,
Glad you're enjoying my site. As for your arugula--I had some Red Russian kale in the garden last summer that developed bizarre pointy shoots on the surface of the leaves. Never happened before. I took some photos and intended to investigate further, but I never thought not to eat them! Oops. I was thinking they were caused by the weather, but looking back, that doesn't really seem like a logical explanation.

I would think your arugula would be safe to eat, as long as you're positive it is arugula. You might be able to find out more information at IDigMyGarden.com, the world's largest gardening forum run by the wonderful people at Baker Creek Heirloom seeds. They have over 2,000 members and 20,000 posts. If you do find anything out I'd love to hear about it. Thanks for taking the time to write and happy growing to you! : )

February 14, 2007 8:32 AM  
Anonymous Kit said...

Hi,

Thanks for your blog on lettuces.
I love salads. I especially love Mache but I've never succeeded in getting it to grow. When I lived in France there was a wilder version of mache called la ducette and it grew like crazy. Do you know if this variety can be found in the USA? Also, any ideas on growing mache?

Thanks again for a great blog
Kit

February 19, 2007 2:10 PM  
Blogger farmgirl said...

Hi Kit,
So glad you're enjoying my blog. I, too, love mache, though for the past several years it's somehow slipped out of my mind. Thanks for the reminder!

I have successfully grown mache (also known as corn salad) in the past from seed. I think the most important thing to know about these little plants is that they prefers cold temperatures. I was surprised one year to find some popping up in my unheated greenhouse in the middle of winter--it was reseeding itself from the previous year's planting that I'd let go to seed.

In fact, if I'd sown seeds back in late fall I'd probably be dining on freshly picked mache salads right now. . . : )

I'm not familiar with the different varieties and haven't heard of la ducette, but you might do a google.com search for it and see what pops up. I'd search for "la ducette" "seeds" and "mache."

One of my favorite seed companies, Pinetree Garden Seeds (http://rareseeds.com), offers packets of mache seeds in their French Vegetables section--you get a minimum of 300 seeds for 75 cents (they are tiny seeds!). This is what they say about it:

"Also known as cornsalad, this member of the Valerian family is very popular in France. Its fine, nutty taste enhances salads. It is very cold tolerant, so it's a great early or late season green. 60 days."

Johnny Selected Seeds in Maine (another great company: http://johnnyseeds.com) offers two varieties of mache: Vit and Jade (which they say is a "Vit-type corn salad") with a 50 day growing time for both.

About mache in general:
"Specialty salad ingredient. For cool or mild weather and winter greenhouse. Avoid hot weather."

Growing Information:
"Plant Sept/Oct for spring crop; early spring for late spring crop. Germinates slowly in 10 to 14 days. Thin to 2" apart (use thinnings as 'baby mache'). Harvest entire rosette by pinching off at the root when 2-1/2" tall. Mache is bolt-resistant, but its flavor declines when overmature.

About Vit:
"Versatile variety for growing year-round. A vigorous, mildew-resistant variety for spring and fall crops, as well as for over wintering. Long, oval, glossy green leaves form a heavy bunch with a tender, flowery, minty flavor." A mini packet of seeds is $2.75. A mini packet of Jade is $3.65.

Hope this helps. Happy growing!

February 21, 2007 12:36 PM  
Anonymous Anonymous said...

Thank you so much for your response. When you say that mache is a cold climate seed, do you mean that I should plant it in the fall and harvest in spring? I live in Kansas and the weather can be very cold. I'm game for anything that would produce a crop of mache. Thanks,

Kit

February 22, 2007 7:20 PM  
Anonymous farmgirl said...

Hi Kit,
You can probably sow your mache seeds outdoors anytime in the next month--they should germinate despite the still cool temperatures. That will give you a late spring crop.

Then sow seeds again in late summer or early fall--as soon as it starts too cool down--for an early winter crop.

You might want to make successive plantings, meaning you soo a new little patch of seeds every week or two. That way your entire crop won't be ready at once.

If you do this in the fall, you can also let some of the plants flower and go to seed--then see if they'll self sow during winter for yet another crop. If not, you'll probably get a very early spring crop. Good luck! : )

February 26, 2007 12:20 PM  
Blogger Robbyn said...

Hi Susan,

When I started reading your blog (which I enjoy daily!) I saw the post about your arugula. I live in SW Florida, and I thought "hey, maybe I can do that!"

Well, the experiment has commenced, and it was SUCH fun seeing (for the first time!) the mesclun sprouts coming up. I'm watching the progress each day...it's amazing how fast it grows. I got flats and box tops that folks were discarding and am using those, even though they're only a few inches deep. Hopefully that is deep enough??

So far it's in the 80s right now, but in shady areas that only get a bit of sun at certain times of day, hopefully I won't kill off the little greens.

It's so great being able to see your pictures and descriptions because it makes it clear that yes, maybe even I can do this, too!

Thanks for taking the time to give insights and feedback and to offer your blog for folks like me out here :)

I actually tried REAL pesto for the first time ever the ohter day...can't wait to try making it from arugula!

March 31, 2007 1:40 AM  
Anonymous Anonymous said...

Your blog has given me the inspiration to try growing my own arugula from seed. I've already got some that has bolted that I bought at the local market and I'm wondering when I'm supposed to pick the seeds and even what they look like. If it has flowered, am I too late?

June 12, 2007 6:00 PM  

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